Bring a large pot of salted water to a boil and cook fettuccine according to package directions. Add broccoli florets in the last 2 minutes of cooking. Drain and set aside.
In a large skillet, heat olive oil over medium heat. Add shrimp, season with salt and pepper, and cook until pink and opaque, about 3 minutes per side. Remove and set aside.
In the same skillet, melt butter. Add garlic and sauté for about 1 minute until fragrant.
Pour in heavy cream and bring to a gentle simmer. Reduce heat and whisk in Parmesan until sauce thickens.
Return shrimp, fettuccine, and broccoli to the skillet. Toss everything together until well coated with sauce.
Serve warm, garnished with parsley if desired.