Heat olive oil in a large soup pot over medium heat.
Add onion, garlic, carrots, and celery, and cook until softened, about 5 minutes.
Stir in rosemary, thyme, and red pepper flakes, and cook for another minute.
Add vegetable broth and beans. Bring to a gentle boil, then reduce heat and simmer for 20 minutes.
Using a spoon or potato masher, mash some of the beans in the pot to create a thicker texture.
Add kale and simmer for another 5 minutes until wilted.
Season with salt and pepper, ladle into bowls, and sprinkle Parmesan if you’d like.